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Liver - Wikipedia
The diagnosis of liver disease is made by liver function tests, groups of blood tests, that can readily show the extent of liver damage. If infection is suspected, then other serological tests will be carried out.

Liver: Where It’s Located, Function & Anatomy - Cleveland Clinic
Your liver is located on the right side of your upper abdomen. Its functions include filtering blood, making chemicals and fighting infections.

Liver Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Stages & Treatment
Liver disease includes many conditions that can damage your liver and affect how it works. Some are mild, while others can be serious or long-lasting. Because your liver plays such an important role in your body, damage can affect your overall health. Knowing what to watch for and getting early care can make a big difference. Contents

Liver disease - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
The liver has a lot of vital tasks including ridding the body of toxins. Learn about problems that can affect the liver and how to avoid them.

Liver: Anatomy and Functions - Johns Hopkins Medicine
All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.

Liver | Functions, Diseases & Treatments | Britannica
liver, the largest gland in the body, a spongy mass of wedge-shaped lobes that has many metabolic and secretory functions.

Liver disease - Wikipedia
Liver diseases, including conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis, are significant public health concerns worldwide.

Liver Health - Johns Hopkins Medicine
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body. It performs over 500 functions, including digestion of proteins, mineral storage, bile production and blood filtration. Here's what you need to know about what it is, how it works and how to keep it healthy.

What Does the Liver Do? Functions, Structures ... - Healthline
What does the liver do? We explain its purpose, how it's structured, its incredible regenerating properties, and what diseases may affect its function.

Liver Functions, Location, Anatomy and Disease | Columbia Surgery
It is located beneath the rib cage in the right upper abdomen. The liver filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs. The liver also produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats and carry away waste.

* Hepatology101 LATEST NEWS *

                    *Filter: "Liver"

Catching Liver Disease Before It Becomes an Emergency  Medscape
Key Drivers of Mortality in MASLD  DocWireNews
New Nomogram Predicts Significant Liver Fibrosis in Bile Duct Disease  Bioengineer.org
Clinical Model Predicts Outcomes in Unresectable Liver Cancer  EMJ
Your late-night snack could be hurting your liver  The Globe and Mail
Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 1990–2023, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023  The Lancet
Eating late at night linked to up to 30% higher risk of liver disease, reveals research  Medical Dialogues
Late-Night Snacking Could Be Putting Your Liver at Risk  SciTechDaily
Liver Transplant Doctor Identifies 4 Everyday Habits That Can Worsen Liver Function  헬스조선
This Common Snacking Habit Could Increase Your Chance of Liver Disease by 30%, Study Finds  Prevention
Liver Biopsy Becomes a Precision Tool in the Age of Non-Invasive Testing  Bioengineer.org
After a fall, a man was diagnosed with a disease affecting 30 million Vietnamese people.  Vietnam.vn
Chronic liver disease and hepatology care in transgender and gender diverse populations  The Lancet
Cell Death Protein MLKL Emerges as Unexpected Driver of Obesity-Linked Liver Cancer  Bioengineer.org
Gastroenterology and Hepatology hosts annual GI and Liver Research Day  UC Davis Health

Common Hepatology Symptoms

Jaundice (Icterus) — Yellowing of the skin and sclera caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels due to impaired hepatic processing or biliary obstruction.

Ascites — Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, commonly secondary to portal hypertension and advanced liver cirrhosis.

Hepatic Encephalopathy — Spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities including confusion, asterixis, and altered consciousness resulting from neurotoxin accumulation.

Pruritus — Severe, generalized skin itching frequently associated with cholestatic liver diseases and systemic bile acid accumulation.

Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain — Dull ache or sensation of fullness caused by stretching of Glisson's capsule surrounding an enlarged or inflamed liver.

Spider Angiomas and Palmar ErytHepa — Vascular cutaneous signs stemming from altered sex hormone metabolism and hyperdynamic circulation in chronic liver disease.

Dark Urine and Acholic Stools — Tea-colored urine from bilirubinuria paired with pale, clay-colored stools indicating impaired biliary drainage.

Milestones in Hepatology History

Discovery of the Australia Antigen (1965) — Baruch Blumberg identified the surface antigen of Hepatitis B, paving the way for diagnostic screening and the first HBV vaccine.

First Successful Human Liver Transplant (1967) — Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the world's first successful human liver transplantation at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.

Identification of Hepatitis Delta Virus (1977) — Mario Rizzetto discovered the delta antigen, characterizing HDV as a defective subviral pathogen reliant on HBV co-infection.

Cloning and Identification of Hepatitis C (1989) — Michael Houghton, Harvey Alter, and Charles Rice isolated the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus, officially naming it Hepatitis C.

Introduction of MELD Score System (2002) — The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease was adopted in the United States to prioritize liver allocation based on 3-month mortality risk.

Approval of Direct-Acting Antivirals for HCV (2013) — The FDA approved Sofosbuvir, ushering in an era of highly effective, interferon-free oral curative regimens for chronic Hepatitis C.

Nomenclature Shift to MASLD and MASH (2023) — Global liver societies renamed NAFLD/NASH to better reflect underlying metabolic pathology and eliminate stigmatizing language.

Current Hepatology Research

Bepirovirsen Functional Cure Trials — Evaluating antisense oligonucleotides to achieve a sustained loss of HBsAg and drug-free clinical response in patients living with chronic hepatitis B.

MASLD Diagnostics and Screening — Refining non-invasive biomarker panels and metabolic criteria to detect metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease early in co-infected populations.

Hepatitis D Expanded Testing Protocols — Implementing reflexive antibody and RNA testing strategies to address global underdiagnosis of delta hepatitis co-infections.

Global Elimination Strategy Implementation — Tracking regional epidemiological data and public health interventions designed to accelerate viral hepatitis eradication goals.

RNA Interference (RNAi) Gene Silencing — Investigating small interfering RNA therapies to knock down viral transcripts and reduce antigen production in chronic liver infections.

MASH Fibrosis Biomarker Development — Validating novel serum panels and elastography metrics to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis regression without invasive biopsies.

In Vivo Gene Editing via Lipid Nanoparticles — Utilizing hepatic-targeted LNP delivery systems to correct monogenic metabolic liver disorders directly within host hepatocytes.

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Cirrhosis — Analyzing gut-liver axis dysbiosis to prevent bacterial translocation and manage portal hypertension complications in end-stage liver disease.